An Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks using A-star Algorithm

AbstractSensors are regarded as significant components of electronic devices. In most applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), important and critical information must be delivered to the sink in a multi-hop and energy-efficient manner. Inasmuch as the energy of sensor nodes is limited, prolonging network lifetime in WSNs is considered to be a critical issue. In order to extend the network lifetime, researchers should consider energy consumption in routing protocols of WSNs. In this paper, a new energy-efficient routing protocol (EERP) has been proposed for WSNs using A-star algorithm. The proposed routing scheme improves the network lifetime by forwarding data packets via the optimal shortest path. The optimal path can be discovered with regard to the maximum residual energy of the next hop sensor node, high link quality, buffer occupancy and minimum hop counts. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme improves network lifetime in comparison with A-star and fuzzy logic(A&F) protocol

Diffusion of sound in reverberant rooms

M.S.Allan D. Pierc

Convolution operators on the dual of hypergroup algebras

summary:Let $X$ be a hypergroup. In this paper, we define a locally convex topology $\beta$ on $L(X)$ such that $(L(X),\beta )^*$ with the strong topology can be identified with a Banach subspace of $L(X)^*$. We prove that if $X$ has a Haar measure, then the dual to this subspace is $L_C(X)^{**}= \operatorname{cl}\{F\in L(X)^{**}; F$ has compact carrier\}. Moreover, we study the operators on $L(X)^*$ and $L_0^\infty(X)$ which commute with translations and convolutions. We prove, among other things, that if $\operatorname{wap}(L(X))$ is left stationary, then there is a weakly compact operator $T$ on $L(X)^*$ which commutes with convolutions if and only if $L(X)^{**}$ has a topologically left invariant functional. For the most part, $X$ is a hypergroup not necessarily with an involution and Haar measure except when explicitly stated

A Comparative Study on the Marketing Status of Library Services in Iran: A Case Study

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to conduct a comparative study on the marketing status of library services of libraries in Qom Payame Noor University (PNU) and Qom University (QU) based on the 7P model in 2018. Methodology: This research is an applied, a cross-sectional and comparative study. The population of this research includes 77 senior students studying “library science” in QU and Qom PNU. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire which was designed based on the capabilities of the studied libraries and its validity was confirmed by five professors and experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.83). SPSS®-20 and descriptive statistics such as central and sparseness indexes and inferential statistics (Chi-square, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney test) were used to analyze data. Findings: Mean value obtained for the components of individuals, physical evidence, promotion, and the process in libraries of PNU was significantly higher than that of QU. Only in price component, libraries of QU were significantly higher than PNU. No significant difference was observed between the product and place components in the studied libraries of these two universities. Conclusion: The results show that the product component at QU, the component of physical evidence, promotion at PNU is not in the desirable situation and require attention and promotion for a better marketing

Pulmonary valve balloon valvuloplasty compared across three age groups of children

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of treating pulmonary stenosis with percutaneous valvuloplasty, and to compare them among three childhood age groups. All children under 15 years of age who had undergone pulmonary valve balloon valvuloplasty in Madani Heart Center from 2005–2009 were enrolled in this study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL). Mean (± standard deviation) age of patients was 55.5 ± 47.4 months. Two-thirds of the subjects had moderate pulmonary valve stenosis. Balloon valvuloplasty failed in nearly one-fifth of the treated patients. There were 17 failures and two cases of mortality, descriptively less frequent among children >5 years; however, the observed difference was not statistically significant. Mild pulmonary valve insufficiency was a common finding